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Why are the repeaters dead?
This is a complicated question because there are many facets to this question. Let's break it down.
Is your radio configured correctly?
Most repeaters require a PL tone in order to communicate through it. Make sure you have the right receive frequency, the right transmit frequency, and the right tone.
Are you too far away?
Sometimes, you are just plain too far away. Try different locations, drive closer to it and test it there. You should get some sort of feedback if you are hitting the repeater.
Does it exist?
The repeater directories aren't always up to date. You might want to talk to a local club to find out the most up to date information.
Is anyone listening?
Many times, people aren't listening. Try at different times like morning and evening drive times, noon, or weekends.
Is it digital?
Maybe the repeater is a digital one and it's actually busy, but it's on digital.
Can you hear it?
If you hear traffic, but no one responds to you, check your tone and transmit frequency to make sure it's right. It is also possible, they are ignoring you if they don't know you. My hams are introverts and tend to be shy. Introduce yourself, say “{callsign} I'm a new ham and looking for my first contact.”